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How to Train and Choose a Custom Tokenizer with tiktoken, SentencePiece, and HF Tokenizers in 2026
Learn how to choose, train, and validate a custom tokenizer using tiktoken, SentencePiece, and HF Tokenizers with a …
Implementing Attention from Scratch: PyTorch, FlashAttention, and Grouped-Query Optimization
Spec your attention implementation before writing code. Learn to decompose QKV projections, configure FlashAttention …
Similarity Search Pipeline: FAISS, HNSWlib, ScaNN (2026)
Select between FAISS, HNSWlib, and ScaNN for production vector search. Specification-first approach covering index …
When to Choose Encoder-Decoder Over Decoder-Only: T5, BART, and Whisper Use Cases in 2026
Learn when encoder-decoder models like T5, BART, and Whisper outperform decoder-only alternatives. A spec framework for …
How to Build a Transformer from Scratch Using PyTorch and Hugging Face
Specify a transformer from scratch in PyTorch and Hugging Face. Decompose attention, embeddings, and training loops into …
How to Implement Multi-Head Attention in PyTorch and Visualize Attention Patterns
Specify multi-head attention for AI-assisted PyTorch builds. Decompose QKV projections, constrain SDPA kernels, and …